[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":712},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/fr-fr/blog/getting-started-with-gitlab-working-with-ci-cd-variables/":3,"navigation-fr-fr":40,"banner-fr-fr":458,"footer-fr-fr":471,"GitLab Team":683,"next-steps-fr-fr":697},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":29,"_id":33,"_type":34,"title":35,"_source":36,"_file":37,"_stem":38,"_extension":39},"/fr-fr/blog/getting-started-with-gitlab-working-with-ci-cd-variables","blog",false,"",{"ogTitle":9,"schema":10,"ogImage":11,"ogDescription":12,"ogSiteName":13,"noIndex":6,"ogType":14,"ogUrl":15,"title":9,"canonicalUrls":15,"description":12},"Premiers pas avec GitLab : comment tirer parti des variables CI/CD","{\n  \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"Article\",\n  \"headline\": \"Premiers pas avec GitLab : comment tirer parti des variables CI/CD\",\n  \"author\": [{\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"GitLab Team\"}],\n  \"datePublished\": \"2025-05-27\"\n}\n","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749659525/Blog/Hero%20Images/blog-getting-started-with-gitlab-banner-0497-option4-fy25.png","Découvrez les variables CI/CD, leur rôle clé dans l'approche DevSecOps ainsi que les bonnes pratiques relatives à leur utilisation.","https://about.gitlab.com","article","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/getting-started-with-gitlab-working-with-ci-cd-variables",{"heroImage":11,"body":17,"authors":18,"date":20,"title":9,"tags":21,"description":12,"category":22,"updatedDate":28},"*Bienvenue dans notre série « Premiers pas avec GitLab », conçue pour guider les nouveaux utilisateurs dans la prise en main de la plateforme DevSecOps de GitLab.* \n\nAprès avoir exploré les bases de [l'approche CI/CD de GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/blog/getting-started-with-gitlab-understanding-ci-cd/) dans notre précédent article, concentrons-nous à présent sur les **variables CI/CD** afin de tirer pleinement parti de leur potentiel.\n\n## Qu’est-ce qu’une variable CI/CD ?\n\nLes variables CI/CD sont des paires clé-valeur dynamiques que vous pouvez définir à différents niveaux (projet, groupe ou instance par exemple) au sein de votre environnement GitLab. Elles permettent de personnaliser les [pipelines CI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/topics/ci-cd/cicd-pipeline/ \"Qu'est-ce qu'un pipeline CI/CD ?\"), de centraliser les configurations et de gérer en toute sécurité des données sensibles. Intégrées directement dans le fichier `.gitlab-ci.yml` comme des espaces réservés pour les valeurs correspondantes, elles facilitent la maintenance, renforcent la sécurité et améliorent la flexibilité des workflows CI/CD.\n\n## Quel est le rôle des variables CI/CD ?\n\nLes variables CI/CD offrent de nombreux avantages :\n\n* **Flexibilité** : adaptez facilement vos pipelines à différents environnements, configurations ou cibles de déploiement sans modifier votre script CI/CD principal.  \n* **Sécurité** : stockez en toute sécurité des informations sensibles telles que des clés API, des mots de passe et des tokens sans les exposer dans votre code.  \n* **Maintenabilité** : en centralisant les valeurs, elles simplifient la gestion et les mises à jour de votre configuration CI/CD pour qu'elle reste structurée correctement.  \n* **Réutilisation** : définies une seule fois, elles peuvent être réutilisées dans plusieurs projets, ce qui favorise la cohérence et réduit les doublons.\n\n## Portées des variables CI/CD : projet, groupe et instance\n\nGitLab permet de définir des variables CI/CD à différentes niveaux hiérarchiques du projet, avec un contrôle précis sur leur visibilité, leur portée et leur accessibilité :\n\n* **Variables au niveau du projet** : elles sont propres à un seul projet et idéales pour stocker des paramètres spécifiques, notamment :\n\n  * L'URL de déploiement : définissez des URL distinctes pour les environnements de préproduction et de production.  \n  * Les identifiants de connexion à la base de données : stockez les données de connexion à la base de données afin de pouvoir les utiliser lors d'un test ou d'un déploiement.  \n  * Les feature flags : activez ou désactivez les fonctionnalités à différentes étapes de votre pipeline.  \n  * Exemple : dans le cadre de votre projet `MyWebApp`, vous souhaitez stocker l'URL de déploiement de production. Vous pouvez définir une variable au niveau du projet, nommée `DPROD_DEPLOY_URL`, avec la valeur `https://mywebapp.com` d'URL de production.  \n* **Variables au niveau du groupe** : elles sont partagées par tous les projets d'un groupe GitLab. Elles sont utiles pour centraliser des paramètres communs à plusieurs projets, notamment :\n\n  * Les clés API de services partagés : stockez-les pour des services tels qu'AWS, Google Cloud ou Docker Hub qui sont utilisés par plusieurs projets au sein du groupe.  \n  * Les paramètres de configuration généraux : définissez des paramètres de configuration communs qui s'appliquent à tous les projets du groupe.  \n  * Exemple : dans votre groupe `Web Apps`, vous souhaitez stocker une clé API pour Docker Hub. Vous pouvez définir une variable au niveau du groupe, nommée `DOCKER_HUB_API_KEY`, avec la valeur de clé API correspondante.  \n* **Variables au niveau de l'instance** : elles sont disponibles pour tous les projets d'une instance GitLab et couramment utilisées pour les paramètres généraux qui s'appliquent à l'ensemble de l'entreprise, notamment :\n\n  * Le token d'enregistrement de runner par défaut : fournissez un token par défaut pour l'enregistrement de nouveaux [runners](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/).  \n  * Les informations sur la licence : stockez les clés de licence des fonctionnalités GitLab ou des outils tiers.  \n  * Les paramètres d'environnement généraux : définissez des variables d'environnement qui doivent être disponibles pour tous les projets.  \n  * Exemple : vous souhaitez définir une image Docker par défaut pour tous les projets de votre instance GitLab. Vous pouvez définir une variable au niveau de l'instance, nommée `DEFAULT_DOCKER_IMAGE`, avec la valeur `ubuntu:latest`.\n\n## Comment définir des variables CI/CD ?\n\nPour définir une variable CI/CD, voici comment procéder :\n\n1. Cliquez sur les boutons **Paramètres > CI/CD** de votre projet, groupe ou instance.  \n2. Accédez à la section **Variables**.  \n3. Cliquez sur **Ajouter une variable**.  \n4. Saisissez la **clé** (par exemple, `API_KEY`) et la **valeur** correspondante.  \n5. Facultatif : cochez l'option **Protéger la variable** si elle contient des données sensibles afin de restreindre son utilisation aux pipelines qui s'exécutent sur des branches ou des tags protégés.  \n6. Facultatif : cochez la case **Masquer la variable** pour masquer sa valeur dans les job logs, afin d'éviter toute exposition accidentelle.  \n7. Cliquez sur **Enregistrer la variable**.\n\n## Comment utiliser des variables CI/CD ?\n\nPour utiliser une variable CI/CD dans votre fichier `.gitlab-ci.yml`, faites simplement précéder le nom de la variable du symbole `$` :\n\n```yaml\ndeploy_job:\n  script:\n    - echo \"Deploying to production...\"\n    - curl -H \"Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY\" https://api.example.com/deploy\n```\n\n## Comment utiliser les variables CI/CD prédéfinies dans GitLab ?\n\nGitLab met à disposition un ensemble de [variables CI/CD prédéfinies](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/variables/predefined_variables/) que vous pouvez utiliser dans vos pipelines CI/CD. Celles-ci fournissent des informations contextuelles sur le pipeline, le job, le projet en cours, et bien plus encore.\n\nVoici les variables plus couramment utilisées :\n\n* `$CI_COMMIT_SHA` : SHA de validation qui déclenche le pipeline  \n* `$CI_PROJECT_DIR` : répertoire dans lequel le projet est cloné  \n* `$CI_PIPELINE_ID` : ID du pipeline en cours\n* `$CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME` : nom de l'environnement de déploiement cible (le cas échéant)\n\n## Bonnes pratiques pour l'utilisation des variables CI/CD\n\n* Gérez en toute sécurité les variables sensibles : utilisez des variables protégées et masquées pour stocker les clés API, les mots de passe et tout autre secret.  \n* Évitez de coder en dur les valeurs : stockez les valeurs de configuration dans des variables afin de renforcer la flexibilité et la maintenance de vos pipelines.\n* Organisez vos variables : utilisez des noms explicites et regroupez les variables par usage pour faciliter leur gestion.  \n* Choisissez la portée appropriée : définissez vos variables au niveau du projet, groupe ou instance en fonction de leur utilisation prévue et de leur visibilité.\n\n## Tirez parti de la puissance des variables CI/CD\n\nLes variables CI/CD sont un outil puissant pour personnaliser et sécuriser vos pipelines GitLab. En maîtrisant leur fonctionnement et en comprenant leurs différentes portées, vous pouvez créer des workflows plus flexibles, plus faciles à maintenir et plus efficaces.\n\n> Prêt à passer à l’action ? Commencez à utiliser les variables CI/CD dès aujourd'hui et profitez d'un [essai gratuit de GitLab Ultimate avec Duo Enterprise](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/free-trial/).\n\n## Articles de la série « Premiers pas avec GitLab »\n\nDécouvrez les autres articles de notre série « Premiers pas avec GitLab » :\n\n* [Comment gérer les utilisateurs](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/blog/getting-started-with-gitlab-how-to-manage-users/)\n* [Comment importer vos projets dans GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/blog/getting-started-with-gitlab-how-to-import-your-projects-to-gitlab/)  \n* [Comment maîtriser la gestion de projet](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/blog/getting-started-with-gitlab-mastering-project-management/)\n* [La gemme gitlab-triage : votre alliée pour des workflows Agile automatisés](https://about.gitlab.com/fr-fr/blog/automating-agile-workflows-with-the-gitlab-triage-gem/)\n* [Comprendre 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