[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":722},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/using-run-parallel-jobs/":3,"navigation-en-us":38,"banner-en-us":467,"footer-en-us":484,"Miguel Rincon":694,"next-steps-en-us":707},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":28,"_id":31,"_type":32,"title":33,"_source":34,"_file":35,"_stem":36,"_extension":37},"/en-us/blog/using-run-parallel-jobs","blog",false,"",{"title":9,"description":10,"ogTitle":9,"ogDescription":10,"noIndex":6,"ogImage":11,"ogUrl":12,"ogSiteName":13,"ogType":14,"canonicalUrls":12,"schema":15},"How we used parallel CI/CD jobs to increase our productivity","GitLab uses parallel jobs to help long-running jobs run faster.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749666717/Blog/Hero%20Images/cover-image.jpg","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/using-run-parallel-jobs","https://about.gitlab.com","article","\n                        {\n        \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n        \"@type\": \"Article\",\n        \"headline\": \"How we used parallel CI/CD jobs to increase our productivity\",\n        \"author\": [{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Miguel Rincon\"}],\n        \"datePublished\": \"2021-01-20\",\n      }",{"title":9,"description":10,"authors":17,"heroImage":11,"date":19,"body":20,"category":21,"tags":22},[18],"Miguel Rincon","2021-01-20","At GitLab, we must verify simultaneous changes from the hundreds of people\nthat contribute to GitLab each day. How can we help them contribute\nefficiently using our pipelines?\n\n\nThe pipelines that we use to build and verify GitLab have more than 90 jobs.\nNot all of those jobs are equal. Some are simple tasks that take a few\nseconds to finish, while others are long-running processes that must be\noptimized carefully.\n\n\nAt the time of this writing, we have more than 700 [pipelines\nrunning](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/pipelines?page=1&scope=all&status=running).\nEach of these pipelines represent changes from team members and contributors\nfrom the wider community. All GitLab contributors must wait for the\npipelines to finish to make sure the change works and integrates with the\nrest of the product. We want our pipelines to finish as fast as possible to\nmaintain the productivity of our teams.\n\n\nThis is why we constantly monitor the duration of our pipelines. For\nexample, in December 2020, successful merge request pipelines had a duration\nof [53.8\nminutes](/handbook/engineering/quality/performance-indicators/#average-merge-request-pipeline-duration-for-gitlab):\n\n\n![Average pipeline duration was 53.8 minutes in\nDecember](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/using-run-parallel-jobs/historical-pipeline-duration.png){:\n.shadow.medium.center}\n\nThe average pipeline took 53.8 minutes to finish in December.\n\n{: .note.text-center}\n\n\nGiven that we run [around 500 merge request\npipelines](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/pipelines/charts) per day,\nwe want to know: Can we optimize our process to change how long-running jobs\n_run_?\n\n\n## How we fixed our bottleneck jobs by making them run in parallel\n\n\nThe `frontend-fixtures` job uses `rspec` to generate mock data files, which\nare then saved as files called \"fixtures\". These files are loaded by our\nfrontend tests, so the `frontend-fixtures` must finish before any of our\nfrontend tests can start.\n\n\n> As not all of our tests need these frontend fixtures, many jobs use the\n[`needs` keyword](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#needs) to start before\nthe `frontend-fixtures` job is done.\n\n\nIn our pipelines, this job looked like this:\n\n\n![The `frontend-fixtures`\njob](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/using-run-parallel-jobs/fixtures-job.png){:\n.shadow.medium.center}\n\nInside the frontend fixtures job.\n\n{: .note.text-center}\n\n\n\nThis job had a normal duration of 20 minutes, and each individual fixture\ncould be generated independently, so we knew there was an opportunity to run\nthis process in parallel.\n\n\nThe next step was to configure our pipeline to split the job into multiple\nbatches that could be run in parallel.\n\n\n## How to make frontend-fixtures a parallel job\n\n\nFortunately, GitLab CI provides an easy way to run a job in parallel using\nthe [`parallel` keyword](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#parallel). In\nthe background, this creates \"clones\" of the same job, so that multiple\ncopies of it can run simultaneously.\n\n\n**Before:**\n\n\n```yml\n\nfrontend-fixtures:\n  extends:\n    - .frontend-fixtures-base\n    - .frontend:rules:default-frontend-jobs\n```\n\n\n**After:**\n\n\n```yml\n\nrspec-ee frontend_fixture:\n  extends:\n    - .frontend-fixtures-base\n    - .frontend:rules:default-frontend-jobs\n  parallel: 2\n```\n\n\nYou will notice two changes. First, we changed the name of the job, so our\njob is picked up by [Knapsack](https://docs.knapsackpro.com/ruby/knapsack)\n(more on that later), and then we add the keyword `parallel`, so the job\ngets duplicated and runs in parallel.\n\n\nThe new jobs that are generated look like this:\n\n\n![Our fixtures job running in\nparallel](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/using-run-parallel-jobs/fixtures-job-parallel.png){:\n.shadow.medium.center}\n\nThe new jobs that are picked up by Knapsack and run in parallel.\n\n{: .note.text-center}\n\n\nAs we used a value of `parallel: 2`, actually two jobs are generated with\nthe names:\n\n\n- `rspec-ee frontend_fixture 1/2`\n\n- `rspec-ee frontend_fixture 2/2`\n\n\nOur two \"generated\" jobs, now take three and 17 minutes respectively, giving\nus an overall decrease of about three minutes.\n\n\n![Two parallel jobs in the\npipeline](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/using-run-parallel-jobs/fixtures-job-detail.png){:\n.shadow.medium.center}\n\nThe parallel jobs that are running in the pipeline.\n\n{: .note.text-center}\n\n\n## Another way we optimized the process\n\n\nAs we use Knapsack to distribute the test files among the parallel jobs, we\nwere able to make more improvements by reducing the time it takes our\nlongest-running fixtures-generator file to run.\n\n\nWe did this by splitting the file into smaller batches and optimizing it, so\nwe have more tests running in parallel, which shaved off an additional [~3.5\nminutes](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/47158#note_460372560).\n\n\n## Tips for running parallel jobs\n\n\nIf you want to ramp up your productivity you can leverage `parallel` on your\npipelines by following these tips:\n\n\n1. Measure the time your pipelines take to run and identify possible\nbottlenecks to your jobs. You can do this by checking which jobs are slower\nthan others.\n\n1. Once your slow jobs are identified, try to figure out if they can be run\nindependently from each other or in batches.\n   - Automated tests are usually good candidates, as they tend to be self-contained and run in parallel anyway.\n1. Add the `parallel` keyword, while measuring the outcome over the next few\nrunning pipelines.\n\n\n## Learn more about our solution\n\n\nWe discuss how running jobs in parallel improved the speed of pipelines on\nGitLab Unfiltered.\n\n\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"video_container\">\n  \u003Ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/hKsVH_ZhSAk\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"> \u003C/iframe>\n\u003C/figure>\n\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\n\nAnd here are links to some of the resources we used to run pipelines in\nparallel:\n\n\n- The [merge request that introduced `parallel` to\nfixtures](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/46959).\n\n- An important [optimization\nfollow-up](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/47158) to\nmake one of the slow tests faster.\n\n- The [Knapsack gem](https://docs.knapsackpro.com/ruby/knapsack), which we\nleverage to split the tests more evenly in multiple CI nodes.\n\n\nAnd many thanks to [Rémy Coutable](/company/team/#rymai), who helped me\nimplement this improvement.\n\n\nCover image by [@dustt](https://unsplash.com/@dustt) on\n[Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/ZqBNb7xK5s8)\n\n{: .note}\n","engineering",[23,24,25,26,27],"inside GitLab","CI","CD","performance","workflow",{"slug":29,"featured":6,"template":30},"using-run-parallel-jobs","BlogPost","content:en-us:blog:using-run-parallel-jobs.yml","yaml","Using Run Parallel Jobs","content","en-us/blog/using-run-parallel-jobs.yml","en-us/blog/using-run-parallel-jobs","yml",{"_path":39,"_dir":40,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"data":41,"_id":463,"_type":32,"title":464,"_source":34,"_file":465,"_stem":466,"_extension":37},"/shared/en-us/main-navigation","en-us",{"logo":42,"freeTrial":47,"sales":52,"login":57,"items":62,"search":394,"minimal":425,"duo":444,"pricingDeployment":453},{"config":43},{"href":44,"dataGaName":45,"dataGaLocation":46},"/","gitlab logo","header",{"text":48,"config":49},"Get free 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