[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":718},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/three-yaml-tips-better-pipelines/":3,"navigation-en-us":35,"banner-en-us":463,"footer-en-us":480,"Chrissie Buchanan":690,"next-steps-en-us":703},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":25,"_id":28,"_type":29,"title":30,"_source":31,"_file":32,"_stem":33,"_extension":34},"/en-us/blog/three-yaml-tips-better-pipelines","blog",false,"",{"title":9,"description":10,"ogTitle":9,"ogDescription":10,"noIndex":6,"ogImage":11,"ogUrl":12,"ogSiteName":13,"ogType":14,"canonicalUrls":12,"schema":15},"3 YAML tips for better pipelines","Learn how to get the most out of your YAML configs.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749681626/Blog/Hero%20Images/yaml-tips.jpg","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/three-yaml-tips-better-pipelines","https://about.gitlab.com","article","\n                        {\n        \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n        \"@type\": \"Article\",\n        \"headline\": \"3 YAML tips for better pipelines\",\n        \"author\": [{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Chrissie Buchanan\"}],\n        \"datePublished\": \"2020-10-01\",\n      }",{"title":9,"description":10,"authors":17,"heroImage":11,"date":19,"body":20,"category":21,"tags":22},[18],"Chrissie Buchanan","2020-10-01","At GitLab, we’re fans of YAML. But for all of its benefits, we’d be lying if\nwe said YAML hasn’t caused its fair share of headaches, too.\n\n\n[YAML](https://yaml.org/) is used industry-wide for declarative\nconfiguration. YAML offers flexibility and simplicity, as long as you know\nthe rules and limitations. Since YAML is platform-agnostic, knowing best\npractices around YAML configurations is a transferable skillset in a cloud\nnative world.\n\n\n## What are the benefits of YAML?\n\n\nYAML is a data serialization language designed to be human-friendly. YAML is\neasy to use in a text editor, has a simple syntax that works across\nprogramming languages, and can store a lot of important configuration data\n(typically in a .yml or .yaml file).\n\n\n[YAML is data-oriented](https://blog.stackpath.com/yaml/) and has features\nderived from Perl, C, HTML, and others.\n\n\nBecause YAML is a superset of JSON, it has built-in advantages including\ncomments, self-referencing, and support for complex data types.\n\n\nA [YAML file uses declarative\nconfiguration](https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1214409/Learn-YAML-in-five-minutes)\nto describe a variety of structures, such as API data structures and even\ndeployment instructions for virtual machines and containers, to name a few.\n\n\nYAML is comprehensive, widely-used, and works in every type of development\nenvironment.\n\n\n## YAML tip #1: Let other tools do the formatting for you\n\n\nYAML is one of those languages where it’s minimalism is both a blessing and\na curse, depending on who you ask. It also relies on the syntactically\nsignificant whitespace that is a source of [heated\ndebate](https://wiki.c2.com/?SyntacticallySignificantWhitespaceConsideredHarmful)\namong developers. For a language where formatting is a king, what can\ndevelopers do to make sure they stay within the rules without having to\nanalyze every single space and indentation?\n\n\nMany text editors and platforms have plugins or built-in tools to check YAML\nconfiguration syntax for you.\n\n\n*   [Atom](http://atom.io/), the open source text editor, comes with a\ndefault YAML mode.\n\n*   [Red Hat YAML\nsupport](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=redhat.vscode-yaml)\nprovides YAML Language and Kubernetes syntax support to the [VS Code\neditor](https://code.visualstudio.com/).\n\n*   [OnlineYamlTools](https://onlineyamltools.com/edit-yaml) has a web-based\neditor that will do in a pinch. It also links to other helpful options such\nas converting JSON to YAML, etc.\n\n*  \n[SlickEdit](https://www.slickedit.com/products/slickedit/448-the-most-powerful-yaml-editor-in-the-world#:~:text=SlickEdit%20%2D%20The%20most%20powerful%20YAML,source%20diff%2C%20and%20much%20more.)\nis the self-described \"most powerful YAML editor in the world\" and has some\nhelpful features to back it up (at a cost). SlickEdit offers a free trial.\n\n*   [Pretty YAML](https://packagecontrol.io/packages/Pretty%20YAML) is a\nplugin for Sublime Text 2 and 3 that allows you to format YAML files.\n\n\n[Linters](https://sourcelevel.io/blog/what-is-a-linter-and-why-your-team-should-use-it)\nare used in the development process to analyze code for stylistic and\nformatting errors, among other things. Teams adopt linters and other static\ntools by integrating them into their integrated development environment\n(IDE) of choice, and/or by running them as an additional step in their\ncontinuous integration (CI).\n\n\nIn GitLab, we have a [CI\nlint](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/lint.html#validate-basic-logic-and-syntax)\nthat checks the syntax of your CI YAML configuration that also runs some\nbasic logical validations.\n\n\nTo use the CI lint, paste a complete CI configuration (`.gitlab-ci.yml` for\nexample) into the text box and click `Validate`:\n\n\n![GitLab CI lint](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/img/ci_lint.png)\n\n\n## YAML tip #2: Keep it simple\n\n\nIt’s easy to overwhelm the minimalism of a YAML file by including too many\ndetails, or by being inconsistent with formatting. When it comes to YAML,\nless is often more.\n\n\nIt isn’t necessary to specify every single attribute. `Job timeout` is an\nexample of an attribute that can be left out, since this is something that\nis sometimes specified elsewhere. An example in GitLab is\n[interruptible](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#interruptible), which is\nused to indicate that a job should be canceled if made redundant by a newer\npipeline run. Since this defaults to `false` it’s not always necessary to\ninclude it.\n\n\nSome people indent gratuitously when writing YAML to help themselves\nvisualize large chunks of data. To better visualize how data works together,\nit might be helpful to create a \"pseudo-config\" before committing the code\nto YAML. On the [Red Hat blog](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/yaml-tips), a\npseudo-config is described as pseudo-code where you don't have to worry\nabout structure or indentation, parent-child relationships, inheritance, or\nnesting. Just write the data down as you understand it.\n\n\n![Red Hat pseudo\nconfig](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/sites/default/files/inline-images/pseudoyaml.jpg)\n\n\nOnce you understand how the data correlates, then you can commit it to YAML.\n\n\nRegardless of how you define simplicity in your workflow, try to keep YAML\nconfigs uncluttered and include only the necessary data. And if you’re not\nsure what data is necessary, write out a pseudo-config to help you visualize\nit.\n\n\n\n\n## YAML tip #3: Reuse config when possible\n\n\nStarting from scratch is a lot of wasted effort, and YAML is no exception.\nOne of the best parts of YAML is its reusabilty, and reusing config is a way\nto keep files consistent within an organization.\n\n\nOne way to [avoid duplicated\nconfiguration](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#include) is by using the\n`include` keyword, which allows the inclusion of external YAML files. For\nexample, global default variables for all projects that don’t need to be\nmodified for every file. The `include` keyword helps to break down a YAML\nconfiguration into multiple files and boosts readability, especially for\nlong files. It’s also possible to have template files stored in a central\nrepository and projects included in their configuration files.\n\n\n`extends` is a great way to reuse some YAML config in multiple places, for\nexample:\n\n\n```\n\n.image_template:\n  image:\n    name: centos:latest\n\ntest:\n  extends: .image_template\n  script:\n    - echo \"Testing\"\n\ndeploy:\n  extends: .image_template\n  script:\n    - echo \"Deploying\"\n```\n\n\nYAML has a handy feature called\n[anchors](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/yaml_optimization.html#anchors),\nwhich lets you easily duplicate content across your document. Anchors can be\nused to duplicate/inherit properties, and is a perfect example to be used\nwith [hidden jobs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/jobs/#hide-jobs) to provide\ntemplates for your jobs. When there is duplicate keys, GitLab will perform a\nreverse deep merge based on the keys.\n\n\n```\n\n.job_template: &job_definition  # Hidden key that defines an anchor named\n'job_definition'\n  image: ruby:2.6\n  services:\n    - postgres\n    - redis\n\ntest1:\n  <\u003C: *job_definition           # Merge the contents of the 'job_definition' alias\n  script:\n    - test1 project\n\ntest2:\n  <\u003C: *job_definition           # Merge the contents of the 'job_definition' alias\n  script:\n    - test2 project\n```\n\n\nOne big caveat to anchors: You can’t use anchors across multiple files when\nleveraging the `include` feature.\n\n\nInstead of building pipelines from scratch, [CI/CD pipeline\ntemplates](/blog/get-started-ci-pipeline-templates/) simplify the\nprocess by having parameters already built-in. At GitLab, pipelines are\ndefined in a `gitlab-ci.yml` file. Because our CI/CD templates come in over\n30 popular languages, chances are good that we have the template you need to\nget started in our [CI template\nrepository](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/tree/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates).\n\n\nTemplates can be modified and are created to fit many use cases. To see a\nlarge `.gitlab-ci.yml` file used in an enterprise, see the [.gitlab-ci.yml\nfile for\nGitLab](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml).\n\n\nWhether you’re a YAML lover, YAML novice, or using YAML against your will,\nknowing some tips and tricks can make your development process a better\nexperience. Do you have any YAML tips or recommendations? Feel free to\ncomment down below.\n\n\nCurious about GitLab CI/CD and want to show off your YAML skills? [Try\nGitLab free](/free-trial/).\n\n\nCover image by [Harits Mustya\nPratama](https://unsplash.com/@haritsmustya?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText)\non\n[Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/s/photos/greenhouse?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText)\n\n{: .note}\n\n\n## Related content\n\n[GitLab CI/CD pipeline configuration\nreference](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml)\n\n\n[Unlock better DevOps with GitLab\nCI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/better-devops-with-gitlab-ci-cd/)\n\n\n[Pipeline\nefficiency](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/pipelines/pipeline_efficiency.html)\n","insights",[23,24],"CI/CD","DevOps",{"slug":26,"featured":6,"template":27},"three-yaml-tips-better-pipelines","BlogPost","content:en-us:blog:three-yaml-tips-better-pipelines.yml","yaml","Three Yaml Tips Better 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