[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":732},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/keeping-your-development-dry/":3,"navigation-en-us":38,"banner-en-us":467,"footer-en-us":484,"Noah Ing-Joe Randazzo":694,"next-steps-en-us":717},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":28,"_id":31,"_type":32,"title":33,"_source":34,"_file":35,"_stem":36,"_extension":37},"/en-us/blog/keeping-your-development-dry","blog",false,"",{"title":9,"description":10,"ogTitle":9,"ogDescription":10,"noIndex":6,"ogImage":11,"ogUrl":12,"ogSiteName":13,"ogType":14,"canonicalUrls":12,"schema":15},"DRY development: A cheatsheet on reusability throughout GitLab","How to follow the DevOps principle of 'don't repeat yourself' to optimize CI/CD.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749683555/Blog/Hero%20Images/drylights.jpg","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/keeping-your-development-dry","https://about.gitlab.com","article","\n                        {\n        \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n        \"@type\": \"Article\",\n        \"headline\": \"DRY development: A cheatsheet on reusability throughout GitLab\",\n        \"author\": [{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Noah Ing\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Joe Randazzo\"}],\n        \"datePublished\": \"2023-01-03\",\n      }",{"title":9,"description":10,"authors":17,"heroImage":11,"date":20,"body":21,"category":22,"tags":23},[18,19],"Noah Ing","Joe Randazzo","2023-01-03","More than 20 years ago, the book [The Pragmatic\nProgrammer](https://pragprog.com/titles/tpp20/the-pragmatic-programmer-20th-anniversary-edition/)\nbrought attention to the DRY principle, or “Don’t Repeat Yourself.\" This\nprinciple is defined as every piece of knowledge must have a single,\nunambiguous, authoritative representation within a system.\n\n\nThe main problem to solve here is minimizing duplication. As a development\nproject is bombarded with new requests or changing requirements, DevOps\nteams must balance between development of net-new features or maintaining\nexisting code. The important part is how to reduce duplicate knowledge\nacross projects.\n\n\nThis tutorial explores the mechanisms throughout GitLab that leverage the\nDRY principle to cut down on code duplication and standardize on knowledge.\nTo see working examples of reusability in action, take a look at this\n[repository](https://gitlab.com/guided-explorations/gitlab-ci-yml-tips-tricks-and-hacks/dry-repository-a-cheatsheet).\n\n\n## Minimizing duplication in CI/CD\n\n\n### include\n\n[`include`](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/index.html#include) can be\nused to transform a single .gitlab-ci.yml file into multiple files to\nimprove readability and minimize duplication. For example, testing,\nsecurity, or deployment workflows can be broken out into separate templates.\nThis also allows\n[ownership](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/codeowners/) of the\nfiles.\n\n\n\n```yaml\n\ninclude:\n  - template: CI/Build.gitlab-ci.yml\n  - template: CI/Test.gitlab-ci.yml\n  - template: CI/Security.gitlab-ci.yml\n  - template: CD/Deploy.gitlab-ci.yml\n\n```\n\n\n### YAML anchors\n\n[YAML\nanchors](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/yaml_optimization.html#anchors)\ncan be used to reduce repeat syntax and extend blocks of CI workflow,\nincluding jobs, variables, and scripts.\n\n\n```yaml\n\n.test_template: &test_suite\n  image: ruby:2.6\n\nunit_test:\n  \u003C\u003C: *test_suite\n  script:\n    - echo \"Running a test here\"\n\nend_to_end_test:\n  \u003C\u003C: *test_suite\n  script:\n    - echo \"Running a test here\"\n\nsmoke_test:\n  \u003C\u003C: *test_suite\n  script:\n    - echo \"Running a test here\"\n```\n\n\n### extends\n\n[`extends`](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/index.html#extends) is\nsimilar to anchors with additional flexibility and readability. The major\ndifference is it can be used with `includes`.\n\n\n```yaml\n\n\n.prepare_deploy:\n  stage: deploy\n  script:\n    - echo \"I am preparing the deploy\"\n  only:\n    - main\n\ndeploy_to_dev:\n  extends: .prepare_deploy\n  script:\n    - echo \"Deploy to dev environment\"\n  environment: dev\n\ndeploy_to_production:\n  extends: .prepare_deploy\n  script:\n    - echo \"Deploy to production environment\"\n  when: manual\n  environment: production\n```\n\n\n### !reference\n\n[`!reference`](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/yaml_optimization.html#reference-tags)\nenables the selection of keyword configuration from other job sections and\nreuse in the current session.\n\n\n```yaml\n\n.vars:\n  variables:\n    DEV_URL: \"http://dev-url.com\"\n    STAGING_URL: \"http://staging-url.com\"\n\n.setup_env:\n  script:\n    - echo \"Creating Environment\"\n\n.teardown_env:\n  after_script:\n    - echo \"Deleting Environment\"\n\nintegration_test:\n  variables: !reference [.vars, variables, DEV_URL]\n  script:\n    - !reference [.setup_env, script]\n    - echo \"Run Test\"\n  after_script:\n    - !reference [.teardown_env, after_script]\n\nperformance_test:\n  variables: !reference [.vars, variables]\n  script:\n    - !reference [.setup_env, script]\n    - echo \"Run Test\"\n  after_script:\n    - !reference [.teardown_env, after_script]\n```\n\n\n### Downstream pipelines\n\n[Downstream\npipelines](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/pipelines/downstream_pipelines.html)\nenable the breakout of microservices and their pipelines. A .gitlab-ci.yml\nfile can be used for each service, and when a file or directory is changed,\nonly that pipeline needs to be triggered improving the awareness and\nreadability of what’s deploying.\n\n\n```yaml\n\nui:\n  trigger:\n    include: ui/.gitlab-ci.yml\n    strategy: depend\n  rules:\n    - changes: [ui/*]\n\nbackend:\n  trigger:\n    include: backend/.gitlab-ci.yml\n    strategy: depend\n  rules:\n    - changes: [backend/*]\n```\n\n\n![Dynamic child\npipeline](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/2022-02-01-parent-child-vs-multi-project-pipelines/parent-child.png){:\n.shadow}\n\n\n### CI/CD variables\n\n[CI/CD variables](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/variables/) can be scoped to\na specific level, including the project, group, instance level, or\n.gitlab-ci.yml level. The values can be stored and reused across a group for\nproject inheritance or overwritten at the project level.\n\n\n```yaml\n\nvariables:\n  PROJECT_LEVEL_VARIABLES: \"I am first in line in precedence\"\n  GROUP_LEVEL_VARIABLES: \"I am second in line\"\n  INSTANCE_LEVEL_VARIABLES: \"I am in third place\"\n  GITLAB_CI_YML_LEVEL_VARIABLES: \"I am last in line of precedence\"\n\n```\n\n\n## Creating consistent code reviews across multiple teams\n\n\n### Description templates\n\n[Description\ntemplates](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/description_templates.html)\nenable teams to define a consistent workflow for issues or merge requests.\nFor example, the MR template can define a checklist for rolling out to a\nfeature to ensure it’s documented, quality tested, and reviewed by\nappropriate team members. Here are [MR\ntemplates](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/tree/master/.gitlab/merge_request_templates)\nthat GitLab team members use daily.\n\n\n```md\n\n\u003C!-- These templates can be set at the instance or group level to share\namongst the organization:\nhttps://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/description_templates.html#set-instance-level-description-templates\n-->\n\n\n## What does this MR do?\n\n\n\u003C!-- Briefly describe what this MR is about. -->\n\n\n## Related issues\n\n\n\u003C!-- Link related issues below. -->\n\n\n## Create a checklist for the author or reviewer\n\n- [ ] Optional. Consider taking this writing course before publishing a\nchange.\n\n- [ ] Follow the documentation process stated here.\n\n- [ ] Tag this user group if this applies.\n\n\n\n\u003C!-- Quick Actions - See\nhttps://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/quick_actions.html#issues-merge-requests-and-epics\nfor a list of all the quick actions available. -->\n\n\n\u003C!-- Add a label to assign a specific workflow using scoped labels -->\n\n/label ~documentation ~\"type::maintenance\" ~\"docs::improvement\"\n~\"maintenance::refactor\"\n\n\n\u003C!-- Apply draft format automatically -->\n\n/draft\n\n\n\u003C!-- Assign myself or a usergroup -->\n\n/assign me\n\n```\n\n\n### Project templates\n\n[Project\ntemplates](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/group/custom_project_templates.html)\ncan be used to define an initial project structure for when new services are\nbeing developed. This gives a consistent starting point for projects that\ncome equipped with the latest file configurations and defaults.\n\n\n### File templates\n\n[File\ntemplates](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/settings/instance_template_repository.html)\nare similar to project templates but are default files to choose from when\nadding a new file to your repository. The team then can quickly choose from\nfiles that have best practices baked in and organization defaults.\n\n\n## Defining a Pipeline Center of Excellence project for CI/CD workflows\n\n\nAs you 'productionize' your CI/CD workflows, it’s recommended to create a\n“Pipeline Center of Excellence” project that contains templates, containers,\nor other abstracted constructs that can be adopted throughout the\norganization. This project contains file or CI/CD templates that have the\nbest practices or well-formed workflows defined for development teams to\nquickly adopt (includes) without recreating the wheel. To explore this in\npractice, visit [Pipeline\nCOE](https://gitlab-org.gitlab.io/professional-services-automation/pipelinecoe/pipeline-templates/#/)\ndocumentation written by the GitLab Professional Services team.\n\n\nHave a reusable component to suggest or that we missed? Add a comment to\nthis blog post or suggest a change to this file!\n\n\n## Related posts\n\n- [How to keep up with CI/CD best\npractices](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/how-to-keep-up-with-ci-cd-best-practices/)\n\n- [How to become more productive with GitLab\nCI](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/how-to-become-more-productive-with-gitlab-ci/)\n\n- [A visual guide to GitLab CI/CD\ncaching](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/a-visual-guide-to-gitlab-ci-caching/)\n\n\nCover image by [Federico\nBeccari](https://unsplash.com/@federize?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText)\non [Unsplash](https://www.unsplash.com).\n","engineering",[24,25,26,27],"CI","CD","DevOps","DevSecOps",{"slug":29,"featured":6,"template":30},"keeping-your-development-dry","BlogPost","content:en-us:blog:keeping-your-development-dry.yml","yaml","Keeping Your Development 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